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“双减”政策下,英语作业设计案例(大单元设计案例)

发布时间:2022-05-27 08:47 栏目:典型案例 发布单位:贺兰县第四中学 点击量:2104 【公开】

 --范玉香

“双减”之下,教师该如何布置分层,弹性和个性化的作业,并及时跟进学生的作业完成情况呢?作业是学校教育教学管理工作的重要环节,是课堂教学活动的必要补充,作为学生做作业是天经地义的事情,作为老师给学生布置适量的作业也是教学工作中必不可少的一个环节,但是,如何在“双减”政策下优化作业设计,是我们每位教师应该深刻思考的问题。

国家为了减轻义务教育阶段学生过重作业负担和校外培训负担,才印发了《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意》,简称“双减”。因此,在校的每位教师也就肩负起了“双减”提质的教学任务,而优化作业设计也是教师“双减”提质的教学任务之一,作为一名英语教师,深知40分钟的英语课对于学生来说,要学好英语是远远不够的,所以英语作业的布置对学生的英语学习而言至关重要,家庭作业是课堂教学的延伸,是学生巩固知识的重要手段,然而,目前英语作业的布置内容大多着眼于巩固所学课本知识,一般以抄写单词词组和课文为主,重在机械记忆,内容枯燥,形式单一,忽略了学生对语言综合运用能力的培养,学生完成作业的兴趣不高,有些学生甚至产生了厌学和畏难的情绪,这不仅增加了学生的负担,还严重扼杀学生学习英语的兴趣,因此,为了维护学生学习英语的兴趣,提高家庭作业的时效性,多样化的作业设计迫在眉睫。最近在看到一篇文章中提到,从作业类型来看,长程作业可以满足“双减”背景下优化作业设计的需求,长程作业顾名思义,就是学习过程长,完成周期长的作业,根据英语学科的特点,也要发挥长程作业的最优效果,可以考虑在大单元教学的组织框架下进行作业设计。

我的作业设计原则:遵循层次性原则,优化作业设计,要尽量从学生的实际出发,考虑学生原有的基础,建立多层次的弹性作业结构,以适应不同层次学生的需要,把握作业的难易度,既要满足优秀学生吃得饱,又要保证困难的学生做得了。

分层布置实践

一、学生分层

分层次布置作业,即根据学生的个性心理特征,学习动机,兴趣习惯,接受能力和学习成绩等方面情况,将学生分为ABC三个层次,当然,这三个层次学生的划分并不是固定不变的,而是实施动态管理,要根据学生学习成绩的变化,适时的对学生的分组进行调整。

A层,基础组。这部分学生学习成绩落后,基础知识差,接受能力不强,学习积极性不高,习惯有待改善,掌握语言知识的速慢,不善于思考。

B层, 提高组。这部分学生基础和能力一般,对英语学习有兴趣,学习成绩中等或不太稳定,有的比较聪明,但不够努力,有的认真刻苦,但学习方法不太正确。

C层,竞赛组。这部分学生基础知识扎实,对英语学习,有浓厚的兴趣,有良好的学习习惯和学习方法,语言表达能力较强,反应敏锐,接受能力强,成绩优秀。

这样分组的目的并不是为了给学生评出好中差,而是使他们能够根据自己的学习实际来掌握自己所需的知识,给各层次学生的递进留有阶梯。

确定不同层次学生的训练目标,编制相应的作业体系。

A层的学生主要培养他们学习英语的兴趣,让他们喜欢上英语,走进英语,做到一些最基本的背诵,要求紧扣教材,完成最基础的练习。

B层的学生要全面掌握英语学科课程标准上的要求,鼓励他们多说多读多听。

对于C层的学生,还要拓展培养他们自行设置背景,自行表达,做课外阅读,具体的说就是要培养他们更强的综合运用语言的能力。有了目标,我们就在每天的日常教学中坚持实行分层作业。

分层作业设计案例

为了提升综合语言运用的能力,单元主题教学涉及到语言学习的四个方面,即听说读写能力的培养,但是这四个技能的养成主要基于语言知识的学习和掌握,所以整个单元常被整合为四个课型教学及听说课,语法课,阅读课和写作课,课堂教学的目标应具有针对性和层次性,每次给学生布置何种类型,形式和题型的作业要依据每单元不同的学习目标,有的放失的按ABC三个层次来设计布置作业,布置的作业要层次分明,结构合理,题量适中,作业量不能太多,也不能太少,更不能太简单太容易,难易要适中,多少要适量。

下面以八年级下册第七单元为例,大单元教学的组织框架下的作业设计案例

八年级下册Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?单元作业设计

单元目标:

1、能够谈论几大世界之最。

2、能够用英语表达较大的数字的读法。

3、能够熟练运用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。

4、通过比较了解中国及世界地理知识。

5、了解珠穆朗玛峰及人类克服困难,挑战极限的精神。

6、了解国宝大熊猫与动物保护。

作业形式:

A类 单词拼写类作业

根据句意及所给首字母提示,补全所缺单词。

1. Every year there are lots of _______ (旅游者)visiting the Great Wall.

2. We need to _______ (保护)the Earth because it is our home.

3. My bedroom is about 6 meters long and 4 meters _______(宽).

4. They put off the trip because weather _______ (条件)were poor.

5. The river is very _______(深的). It’s dangerous to swim in it.

6. _______(自然界) is the best place to learn about plants and animals.

7.              (竹子)is pandas’ favorite food.

8. I’m very worried about your i              (疾病). I think you should see a doctor.

9. Whales or elephants are              (巨大的)animals.

10. This coat will be a              (保护)against the cold.

设计意图:这类作业直接给出汉语意思,并且不用改变形式,学生能够根据汉语意思完成单词即可。这样可以提高他们对英语兴趣。

B类 课文挖空练习

One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain 1.            climb, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas 2.             (run) along the southwestern part of China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the 3.             (high) and is the most famous. It i is very dangerous to climb because 4.             (thick) clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. Even more serious difficulties 5.               (include) freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. The first people 6.             (reach) the top were Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1953. The first Chinese team did so in 1960. Then in 1975, the first woman did it too. Why do so many climbers risk their 7.             (life)? One of the main reasons is because people want 8.             (challenge) themselves in the face of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up 9.             (try) to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can sometimes be 10.             (strong) than the forces of nature.

设计意图:课文挖空练习能够督促学生熟读课文,也能够提高这部分学生基础知识运用能力

C类 找拓展习题,多练习他们做题的技巧。

语法填空。

The Fellini Brothers Circus (马戏团) is in town! Every year, the circus arrives and stays for a week. Then they go to the next town.

There are not many animals in the circus. Most of the performers are humans! There is Leopold “The (1) _______ (strong) Man in the World”. His father also works in the circus, but Leopold is stronger than him, and he has (2) _______ (big) arms and legs too! Another performer is Clara. She says she has the (3) _______ (long) hair in the world. It’s about 4 meters long! She has a daughter. Her name is Sue. Her hair is a lot (4) _______ (short), but she wants to grow it as (5) _______ (long) as her mother’s.

The highlight (最精彩的部分) of the circus is the three clowns (小丑) — Pit, Pot and Pat. They perform for about twenty minutes and of all the performers they are always (6) _______ (popular) with the children. Many people think Pit, Pot and Pat are three brothers, but Pat is (7) _______ (old) than the other two — he’s their father!

综合填空。

condition, include, large, build, cover, population, excite, wild, tour, after

Boys and girls, do you know about the Qinling Mountains? They cover an area of more than 50,000 square kilometers and they are home to a big number of (1) _______ plants and animals.

The area has about 3,800 plants and 587 animal species (物种), (2) _______ pandas. The number of pandas was 109 in the 1980s. Now, the panda (3) _______ in this area is 345.

In October 2017, (4) _______ more than twenty years of preparation, the Qinling National Botanical Garden (秦岭国家植物园) opened to the public (民众). It’s the first of its kind in China. The garden is about 70 km from Xi’an, Shannxi. It (5) _______ an area of 639 km2 and it’s (6) _______ botanical garden on the planet. The Qinling National Botanical Garden is a window for (7) _______ to enjoy nature. Every year, a lot of people come to visit it with (8) _______.

Now, the government (9) _______ a national park in the area. The park will provide nicer living (10) _______ for wildlife in the Qinling Mountains. It will cover over 27,000 km2, three times as large as the area of America’s Yellowstone National Park. How amazing!

作业设计意图:因为这部分学生单词课文的理解都掌握得不错,因此,拓展阅读练习显得尤为重要。通过课外阅读篇目既能提高他们做题的速度也能够让他们拓展课外知识。



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